IPSEC and SSL VPN are two

Now, with the rapid development of information technology, the proliferation of Internet users, resulting in the rapid expansion of the network nodes, so that the current number of available IP addresses is also drastically reduced. According to authoritative statistics, expected in the near future, today's IP address will be exhausted. As a result, the next generation Internet Protocol IPv6 was born a few years ago, with the agreement of the continuous development and improvement, and now more and more familiar for the majority of people. Today, to the initial brief on the IPv6 address and how to install WINDOWS systems use.

IPv6 and IPv4 are two completely different network protocol, since the current IPV4 will be replaced by IPv6, then it is in the end edge where? First of all, IPv6 addresses with large capacity. IPv6 address using 128-bit length, the current 32-bit IPV4 address, increasing the IP address can be used simply to describe mass. IPV4 address can only provide 2 addresses the 32 th power , but also remove some of the private address, and reserved addresses, the actual number available be less than this. and IPv6 addresses can be up to the 128 th power of 2 addresses in the future no matter what network equipment to join the network can allocate sufficient address. This is the biggest advantage of IPv6, of course, relative to the IPV4, IPv6 also has better Qos support, have a more streamlined IPv6 header, the network equipment to facilitate the processing of the IPv6 packet and to provide support for convection, and higher security and so on.

The current form of IPV4 address using dotted decimal form is, that the next generation of IPv6 addresses how to express it? As the IPv6 address length of 4 times the IPv4 addresses, so the expression of them is also much more complex than the IPV4 address. IPv6 address of the basic expression is X: X: X: X: X: X: X: X, where X is a 4 bit hexadecimal integer (16 bit). Each figure contains four, each containing four integer numbers, each address including the eight integers, Total 1 2 8 (4 脳 4 脳 8 = 1 2 8 ). For example, the following are some valid IPv6 address:
CDCD: 901A: 2222: 5498: 8475: 1111: 3900: 2020
1030: 0: 0: 0: C9B4: FF12: 48AA: 1A2B
2000: 0: 0: 0: 0: 0: 0: 1
Please note that these integers are hexadecimal integer, in which A to F that is 10 to 15. Address each of the integer must be said, except the initial 0 can not express.

This is a relatively standard IPv6 address expression, in addition to two other more clear and easy to use way.

Some of the IPv6 addresses may contain long string of 0 (as above as the second and third example). When this happens, the standard permits the use of "gap" to indicate that a long list of 0. In other words, address 2000: 0: 0: 0: 0: 0: 0: 1 can be expressed as: 2000:: 1. The two colon indicates that the address can be extended to a full 128-bit addresses. In this method, only when all 16 bits set to 0 will be replaced by two colons and two colons in the address can only occur once, to avoid confusion.

IPv4 and IPv6 in the mixed environment, there may be a third way of expression. IPv6 address in the lowest 32-bit IPv4 addresses that can be used in ways that address can be expressed in terms of a hybrid method, namely X: X: X: X: X: X: d. d. d. d, where X represents a 16-bit integer, and d represents an 8-bit decimal integer. For example, the address

0:0:0:0:0:0:10.0.0.1 is a valid IPv4 address. The two possible expressions together, the address can also be expressed as::: 10.0.0.1.

IPv6 addresses and IPv4 addresses and a significant difference, namely, that address type. We all know, the current ip v4 address, there are three types: unicast (unicast) address, multicast (multicast) address, broadcast (broadcast) address. The are three types of IPv6 addresses though, but it has changed, there are: unicast (unicast), multicast (multicast), anycast (anycast).

鈼?Unicast Address: The address of a network interface. Sent to a unicast address of the packet will be sent to the address identifies the interface.
鈼?Multicast Address: a set of interfaces (typically belonging to different nodes) the network address. Sent to a multicast address packet will be sent to the address identified with all the interfaces.
鈼?anycast addresses: a set of interfaces (typically belonging to different nodes) the network address. Sent to the anycast address of a packet will be sent to one of the address identifies the interface (based routing protocol for the calculation of choices from the "recent "a).
鈼?broadcast address: all the nodes of a network segment. Sent to a broadcast address of the packet will be sent to the network segment to all nodes.

The reason for the IPv6 address broadcast address removed, while redefining the anycast address, mainly because of the network taking into account the existence of a large number of broadcast packets, likely to cause network congestion, and because the network nodes have the majority of these nothing to do with their broadcast packet processing, the performance of the network nodes are also affected.

Because this article was to introduce the system in windows how to install the IPv6 protocol, so the introduction of the IPv6 address is relatively simple. Then gossip talk less, turn to the question.

So far, windows system to the 2003 version has been released, but it's IPv6 protocol from the perspective of products, but also out of the formal product version and non-product version. So far, IPv6 protocol does not support the windows 95,98 and windows me.

IPv6, the official product version has been deployed in the following systems:

windows 2003 server family, windows xp (sp1), Windows CE. NET version 4.1 and later.

As an official product, IPv6 protocol official production version of Microsoft's products and services have been supported by the system. IPv6 protocol in these systems can install and uninstall in Control Panel Network Connections folder, for, as we now install ip v4 protocol the same. The non-product version of IPv6 include the following:

IPv6 development in windows xp Preview (Developer Preview), windows 2000 (sp1-sp4) in the technology preview (Technology Preview), in windows NT and windows 2000 running of version (Research IPv6).

Form to indicate the following:

For non-product version of IPv6 is, this version provides the IPv6 software contains pre-release code, not used for commercial purposes. This software is only used for research, development and testing, not for production environment.

Different versions of the system in different installation method is different.

IPv6 on all current versions of it, when we use IPv6 on IPv4 communication between sites has no effect without disturbing each other. And to work IPv6, when used in the transport layer and the v6 version is TCP and UDP the corresponding agreement.

銆??鍦ㄨ繖閲岋紝鎴戝氨閫夋嫨windows 2000 sp1鈥攕p4,windows xp,windows xp sp1,windows 2003杩欎簺鍏稿瀷鐨剋indows绯荤粺鏉ョ湅鐪嬪浣曞畨瑁匢Pv6. 鈻?Windows 2000 sp1鈥攕p4(瀹夎technology preview鐗?

1. First of all, download the IPv6 protocol package. Because unlike windows xp windows 2000 and windows 2003 as the IPv6 protocol has been built, they can be installed, and windows 2000 you must first install the IPv6 package. Can be downloaded to the following address: http: / / msdn.microsoft.com/downloads/sdks/platform/tpIPv6.asp, Package name: tpIPv6-001205.exe, is a self extracting file.

2. Double-click the newly downloaded package file: tpIPv6-001205.exe. Unzip directory dialog box appears, as Figure 1:

Here we extract d: IPv6kit directory.

3.閽堝涓嶅悓鐗堟湰鐨剆ervice pack,鏈変笉鍚岀殑瀹夎鏂规硶.

鈼?service pack 1

銆??鐩存帴鎵цd:IPv6kit涓殑setup.exe瀹夎绋嬪簭鍗冲彲.

銆??鈼唖ervice pack 2

鈶?the command line interface, the implementation of d: IPv6kitsetup-x command, and then extract the directory dialog box appears, we are here to extract d: IPv6kitIPv6 directory

鈶?with "Notepad" to open d: IPv6kitIPv6 directory hotfix.ini file, in the [VERSION] paragraph, the NTServicePackVersion = 256 changed to 512, save.

鈶?run d: IPv6kitIPv6 directory hotfix.exe, there are map interface, click "OK" button.

鈶?restart the computer.

鈼?service pack 3

Sp2 installation methods are similar with the above, only the first step 鈶?differ, is to hotfix.ini file [VERSION] section of the NTServicePackVersion = 256 changed to 768.

鈼?service pack 4

Until now, windows 2000 the latest version of service pack 4. It is also the installation of sp2 or less the same with the above, only the first step 鈶?differ, is to hotfix.ini file [VERSION] section change the NTServicePackVersion = 256 into 1024.

4. After the computer restarts, the desktop, "Network Neighborhood" icon on the right-click, select "Properties", open the Network Connections window, and double-click "Local Area Connection."

5. Click "Install ..." button

Select the "agreement", click "Add ..." button. Then appear as shown in Figure 8:

Select "Microsoft IPv6 Protocol", click "OK."

6. Installation is complete, we can see the IPv6 protocol has been in the list.

From the above we can see in the windows 2000 installation under IPv6, different service pack has a different approach. Therefore, before installing, need to determine the machine windows 2000 version of the system in the sp. Here, to provide two a way to view the sp version.

Method 1: In the "Start" menu, select "Run ...", enter "winver" command. There windows 2000 version of the interface.

Method 2: On the desktop "My Computer" icon on the right-click, select "Properties", select "General" tab item.

銆??鈻燱indows 2000 锛堝畨瑁匨S Research IPv6鐗堬級

In the above we see is installed in windows 2000 Technology Preview, of course, we can also install the IPv6 research (Research) version. Installation process is somewhat similar with the above, the following simple instructions.

1. Download msrIPv6 package.

2. Unzip package. You can specify a decompression directory.

3. On the desktop, "Network Neighborhood" icon on the right-click, select "Properties", open the Network Connections window, and double-click "Local Area Connection." In the "Local Area Connection Properties" window, click "Install ..." button, and then in the pop-up The "Select Network Component Type" window, select the "agreement", click "Add ..." button.

4. Pop-up "Select Network Protocol" window, click on "Disk ..." button,

The figure 12, in the text box in front of the self-extracting directory d: msrIPv6. Click "OK."

銆??5.绯荤粺鏂囦欢澶嶅埗瀹屾瘯锛屽嚭鐜扳?閫夋嫨缃戠粶鍗忚鈥濈獥鍙ｏ紝閫変腑鈥渕sr IPv6 protocol鈥濓紝鍗曞嚮鈥滅‘瀹氣?.

6. Installation. We can see, msr IPv6 protocol has been in the list.






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FTP space is filled with how to FTP space for alarm?

Many companies have built local area networks, in order to facilitate the easy exchange of documents employees are mostly built FTP server. But now download a variety of large size is too big, FTP space is often filled with some users, leading to some complaints file to upload. Indeed, as administrator, we can not all the time to check FTP server is used space, being the case let the operating system automatically to help us to monitor it.

First, create a monitoring project

In Windows systems, gives us the Performance Logs and Alerts item, using it we can use the ratio of the FTP monitor.

In the FTP server, enter the Control Panel window, open one of the "Administrative Tools" folder, double-click "Properties" item to open "Performance" settings window.

Turn left at the open window, select the "Performance Logs and Alerts" - "warning", and "alarm" key on the right-click in the pop-up menu, select "New Alert Settings" in the pop-up window, enter the name, for example, "FTP Monitor", click "OK" button (Figure 1).





Second, add the counters

After the alert is created project will automatically open the Preferences window. Remind you that this time also need to add a counter, in order to monitor the use of FTP space.

In the "General" window, click the "Add" button to open the "Add Counters" window, select the counter of the object to "Use local computer counters," "performance object" selected "LogicalDisk", also select the "Select counters from list" option, and in the counter list, select the "% Free Space", while the right choice in the FTP space in which the partition (Figure 2), set up after clicking the "Add" button to return.






Tip: In fact, the system provides us with a lot of counters, the counter effect, we can select it, then click the "Help" button, you can view the specific role of the counter. So that we can not only monitor the system free space, also monitor the disk write and read speed.

Third, the alarm set

Back alarm parameter setting window after the "General" tab, we can see just to add in. counter. At this point we need to set the conditions for triggering the counter, for example, we ask if the space is used up to 80% will alert the administrator. Therefore, we can "will trigger the alarm, if the value is" set to "over", "limit" set to "80", while the data sampling interval in the "interval" set to "200", the unit set to "seconds" , so that every 200 seconds to make an inspection (Figure 3).






After doing these settings to switch to the "Operation" tab, select "Send a network message to" option, and enter the administrator in the bottom of the computer IP address (Figure 4), so that when the use of space more than 80%, the to the designated computer system will send a message.






Finally switch to the "plan" tab to "Start Scan" to set a specified time and date, be careful not to set to "manual", while the "stop scan" is set to "Manual" The goal is to allow Monitor has been in working condition.

Now as an administrator, you can let FTP server itself worked there. When using more than 80% of the space will automatically send a message, so you can check, delete some useless files.

If the FTP server, the administrator can not receive messages sent over, then check to see if closing the Messenger service. Inspection method is to enter "Administrative Tools" folder, double-click "services", and in the open windows on the right 鎵惧埌 "Messenger" and double-click, and then "Startup Type" set to "Automatic", and click the "Start" button and click "OK" button to save the settings you can.








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